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| footnotes = | website = }} James Ephraim Lovelock, CH, CBE, FRS,〔 PhD (born 26 July 1919) is an independent scientist, environmentalist and futurist who lives in Devon, England. He is best known for proposing the Gaia hypothesis, which postulates that the Earth functions as a self-regulating system. == Biography == James Lovelock was born in Letchworth Garden City in Hertfordshire, England, to working class parents who were strong believers in education. Nell, his mother, started work at 13 in a pickle factory. His father, Tom, had served six months hard labour for poaching in his teens and was illiterate until attending technical college. The family moved to London where Lovelock's dislike of authority made him, by his own account, an unhappy pupil at Strand School. Lovelock could not afford to go to university after school, something which he believes helped prevent him becoming over-specialised and aided the development of Gaia theory. He worked at a photography firm, attending Birkbeck College during the evenings, before being accepted to study chemistry at the University of Manchester, although he could only pay for two years of the three-year course. Lovelock worked at a Quaker farm before a recommendation from his professor led to him taking up a Medical Research Council post,〔(Biography of James Lovelock ), (Association of Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy ). Retrieved 30 October 2007〕 working on ways of shielding soldiers from burns. Lovelock refused to use the shaved and anaesthetised rabbits that were used as burn victims, and exposed his own skin to heat radiation instead, an experience he describes as "exquisitely painful".〔''The Sunday Times'',22 February 2009 () (retrieved on 24 May 2011)〕 His student status enabled temporary deferment of military service during the Second World War, but he registered as a conscientious objector.〔(James Lovelock: The green man ), Ian Irvine, ''The Independent'', 3 December 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2008.〕 He later abandoned this position in the light of Nazi atrocities, and tried to enlist in the armed forces, but was told that his medical research was too valuable for the enlistment to be approved.〔''Homage to Gaia'', Oxford, 2000, p80.〕 In 1948 Lovelock received a PhD degree in medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. In the United States, he has conducted research at Yale, Baylor College of Medicine, and Harvard University.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Lovelock」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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